Saturday, September 12, 2009
In It For the Rhetorical Benjamins?
I was amazed to see how many of the Renaissance rhetoricians seemed to be motivated, either partially or entirely, by the money that could be gained from their innovations in the field. While this was at least a factor for the earlier rhetoricians, the lack of mass production limited their financial reimbursements to what they obtained from their tutoring. The printing press seemed to feed a boom in new rhetorical theories. Everyone who had any background in the works of the Greeks seems to have stepped up and tried his hand at revising what they had written centuries before. It seems to have been easier for the first members of this group to succeed. They had novelty on their side. When they would stumble upon the remainder of some long-lost manuscript, it offered them the chance to make a name for themselves. It was also easier for them to present these ideas as their own, not that there was any real ethical argument against plagiarism at the time. From here it was a question of trying to develop your own take on the same material. These scholars would find any way possible to reiterate, reorder, retranslate, and package rhetoric in order to find a new way to present it to a growing audience. Then they would issue a new edition a few years later in order remind people of their importance. Some of these editions had only minimal changes - a few Catholic jokes added on behalf of the Protestants. And thus, the textbook industry was born.
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You make a lot of good points, especially about these theories being a precursor to the "textbook industry." I saw this episode of House where the pharmaceutical company tried to release a "new" drug that was actually an old drug with an antacid added to it. I believe that the ingestion and regurgitation of information (with a little added bile, perhaps) is as old as speech. All of the old stories were told orally and spread and retold.
ReplyDeleteReading all of the repackaged theories was wearying, to be sure, but I wonder if it is our modern sensibilities about copyrights that make us feel incensed. This was capitalism and plagiarism at its best. It was also a way to get a point across, a way to spread the message, which is how the Renaissance became such a wonderful time of prolific thought.
I don't always believe that the ends justify the means, but I think that these men getting rich is just a side note to the real movement: "to restore dialectic as the fundamental intellectual discipline" (144).